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(1990) Classical Biological Control in the Southern United States. Habeck, D.H., Bennett, F.D., and Frank, J.H. (1985) The Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of America North of Mexico. Cooperative Extension, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. (1993) Natural Enemies of Vegetable Insect Pests. This species has been mass reared, but at this time is not commercially available. Overwintering adults may be less susceptible than active adults and larvae. Tolerance to some pesticides at recommended application rates is likely. Conservation can best be accomplished by following integrated pest management guidelines as outlined in the tutorial of this guide. septempunctata is spreading to new areas each season. Development from egg to adult may take only two to three weeks, and adults, most abundant in mid- to late summer, live for weeks or months, depending on the location, availability of prey, and time of year.Ĭ. In the northeastern United States, there are one to two generations per year before the adults enter winter hibernation. The pupal stage may last from three to 12 days depending on the temperature. A second generation may appear about a month later. Large larvae may travel up to 12 m in search of prey. septempunctata larvae grow from about 1 mm to 4-7 mm in length over a 10 to 30 day period depending on the supply of aphids. The eggs are small (about 1 mm) and spindle-shaped.Ĭ. Eggs are usually deposited near prey such as aphids, often in small clusters in protected sites on leaves and stems.
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Females may lay from 200 to more than 1,000 eggs over a one to three month period commencing in spring or early summer.
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In spring, emerging beetles feed on aphids before laying eggs. Females who are not sexually mature, have recently mated, or are about to oviposit, exhibit a display of rejection towards the male. They first approach a female, watch, then examine, mount and attempt copulation. Reported prey include pea, cowpea, green peach, potato, corn leaf, melon aphids, and greenbug.Īdults overwinter in protected sites near the fields where they fed and reproduced. Males of Coccinella septempunctata exhibit a five step courtship display. bipunctata, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), Coccinella septempunctata L., Chrysoperla plorabunda. Eggs are spindle shaped and small, about 1 mm long.Īphid infested crops, including potatoes, legumes, sweet corn, alfalfa, wheat, sorghum, and pecans. During 1920, it reached a pest status in India. Lady beetle larvae are dark and alligator-like with three pairs of prominent legs, growing to 7-8 mm in length. The spot pattern is usually 1-4-2, black on the orange or red forewings. septempunctata may be a more effective predator than some native lady beetle species, displacing them in some areas.Ĭomparatively large (7-8 mm) with a white or pale spot on either side of the head. It has since spread naturally or been introduced to many northeastern and north central states. The sevenspotted lady beetle, repeatedly introduced to North America from Europe for the biological control of aphids, was established in the early 1970s in New Jersey, apparently from an accidental introduction.